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Journal of Infection and Public Health 2009Body piercing appears to be gaining popularity and social acceptance. With the increase in the number of piercings and tattoos, it is likely that health care providers... (Review)
Review
Body piercing appears to be gaining popularity and social acceptance. With the increase in the number of piercings and tattoos, it is likely that health care providers may see an increase in the complications resulting from these piercings. These may include the transmission of hepatitis viruses and bacteria at the time of the piercing or in the course of wound care. We review the infectious complications that have resulted from body piercing and tattooing that has been documented in the medical literature.
Topics: Bacterial Infections; Body Piercing; Communicable Diseases; HIV Infections; Hepatitis, Viral, Human; Humans; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Tattooing; Virus Diseases
PubMed: 20701856
DOI: 10.1016/j.jiph.2009.01.006 -
Journal of General Internal Medicine Jun 1999To review the current information on medical complications, psychological implications, and legislative issues related to body piercing, a largely unregulated industry... (Comparative Study)
Comparative Study Review
OBJECTIVE
To review the current information on medical complications, psychological implications, and legislative issues related to body piercing, a largely unregulated industry in the United States.
METHODS
We conducted a MEDLINE search of English language articles from 1966 until May 1998 using the search terms "body piercing" and "ear piercing." Bibliographies of these references were reviewed for additional citations. We also conducted an Internet search for "body piercing" on the World Wide Web.
MAIN RESULTS
In this manuscript, we review the available body piercing literature. We conclude that body piercing is an increasingly common practice in the United States, that this practice carries substantial risk of morbidity, and that most body piercing in the United States is being performed by unlicensed, unregulated individuals. Primary care physicians are seeing growing numbers of patients with body pierces. Practitioners must be able to recognize, treat, and counsel patients on body piercing complications and be alert to associated psychological conditions in patients who undergo body piercing.
Topics: Body Image; Disease; Humans; Legislation, Medical; Punctures; Risk Factors
PubMed: 10354260
DOI: 10.1046/j.1525-1497.1999.00357.x -
Skin Therapy Letter Sep 2009Young adult populations (18-25 years of age) throughout the world have latched onto the mainstream trend of body piercing. Best health care practices for these... (Review)
Review
Young adult populations (18-25 years of age) throughout the world have latched onto the mainstream trend of body piercing. Best health care practices for these individuals involves the knowledge of proper procedural techniques, postsite care, common complications, and treatment modalities.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Piercing; Endocarditis; Female; Humans; Jewelry; Male; Risk Factors; Sepsis; Skin Diseases; Skin Diseases, Infectious; Soft Tissue Infections; Young Adult
PubMed: 20039596
DOI: No ID Found -
Dental and periodontal complications of lip and tongue piercing: prevalence and influencing factors.Australian Dental Journal Mar 2012The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of lip and tongue piercing complications and explore the effect of ornament time wear period, habits, ornament...
BACKGROUND
The aim of this study was to compare the prevalence of lip and tongue piercing complications and explore the effect of ornament time wear period, habits, ornament morphology and periodontal biotype on the development of complications.
METHODS
One hundred and ten subjects with 110 lip and 51 tongue piercings were assessed for abnormal toothwear and/or tooth chipping/cracking (dental defects), gingival recession, clinical attachment loss and probing depth of teeth adjacent to the pierced site. Piercing habits (biting, rolling, stroking, sucking) were recorded.
RESULTS
Wear time and habits significantly affected the prevalence of dental defects and gingival recession. Pierced site significantly affected dental defects prevalence, with greater prevalence for tongue than lip piercing. Wear time significantly affected attachment loss and probing depth. Attachment loss and probing depth did not significantly differ between tongue and lip piercings. Gingival recession was significantly associated with ornament height closure and stem length of tongue ornaments. Periodontal biotype was not significantly associated with gingival recession, attachment loss and probing depth.
CONCLUSIONS
Dental defects prevalence is greater for tongue than lip piercing. Gingival recession is similar for tongue and lip piercing. Longer wear time of tongue and lip piercing is associated with greater prevalence of dental defects and gingival recession, as well as greater attachment loss and probing depth of teeth adjacent to pierced sites. Ornament morphology affects gingival recession prevalence.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Body Piercing; Chi-Square Distribution; Cross-Sectional Studies; Dental Deposits; Dentin Sensitivity; Electrogalvanism, Intraoral; Female; Foreign Bodies; Gingival Recession; Habits; Humans; Lip; Male; Periodontal Attachment Loss; Periodontal Pocket; Sialorrhea; Statistics, Nonparametric; Surveys and Questionnaires; Taste Disorders; Time Factors; Tongue; Tooth Injuries; Tooth Wear; Young Adult
PubMed: 22369561
DOI: 10.1111/j.1834-7819.2011.01647.x -
Journal of Neural Transmission (Vienna,... Apr 2020Visceral pain is the cardinal symptom of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the leading cause of patients' visit... (Review)
Review
Visceral pain is the cardinal symptom of functional gastrointestinal (GI) disorders such as the irritable bowel syndrome (IBS) and the leading cause of patients' visit to gastroenterologists. IBS-related visceral pain usually arises from the distal colon and rectum (colorectum), an intraluminal environment that differs greatly from environment outside the body in chemical, biological, thermal, and mechanical conditions. Accordingly, visceral pain is different from cutaneous pain in several key psychophysical characteristics, which likely underlies the unsatisfactory management of visceral pain by drugs developed for other types of pain. Colorectal visceral pain is usually elicited from mechanical distension/stretch, rather than from heating, cutting, pinching, or piercing that usually evoke pain from the skin. Thus, mechanotransduction, i.e., the encoding of colorectal mechanical stimuli by sensory afferents, is crucial to the underlying mechanisms of GI-related visceral pain. This review will focus on colorectal mechanotransduction, the process of converting colorectal mechanical stimuli into trains of action potentials by the sensory afferents to inform the central nervous system (CNS). We will summarize neurophysiological studies on afferent encoding of colorectal mechanical stimuli, highlight recent advances in our understanding of colorectal biomechanics that plays critical roles in mechanotransduction, and review studies on mechano-sensitive ion channels in colorectal afferents. This review calls for focused attention on targeting colorectal mechanotransduction as a new strategy for managing visceral pain, which can also have an added benefit of limited CNS side effects, because mechanotransduction arises from peripheral organs.
Topics: Animals; Biomechanical Phenomena; Colon; Humans; Mechanotransduction, Cellular; Rectum; Visceral Pain
PubMed: 31598778
DOI: 10.1007/s00702-019-02088-8 -
PloS One 2021Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for...
Do individuals modify their bodies in order to be unique? The present study sought to investigate need for uniqueness (NfU) subcomponents as possible motives for modifying one's body. To this end, the study obtained information from 312 participants about their NfU (using the German NfU-G global scale and three sub-scales) and their body modifications (tattoos, piercings, and extreme body modifications such as tongue splitting). By analyzing the three subcomponents of NfU, the study was able to investigate the differential relationship of the sub-scales with the outcome measures, which facilitated a fine-grained understanding of the NfU-body-modification relationship. The study found that tattooed, pierced, and extreme-body-modified individuals had higher NfU-G scores than individuals without body modifications. Moreover, it seemed that individuals with tattoos took a social component into consideration while lacking concern regarding others' reaction toward their tattoos, although not wanting to cause affront. Pierced and extreme-body-modified individuals, contrarily, tended to display a propensity to actively flout rules and not worry about others' opinions on their modifications. However, although statistically significant, the effect size (d) for the NfU-G differences in the tattooed and pierced participants' mean scores was small to medium in all three subcomponents. The extreme-body-modified group presented medium and medium to large effects. Further, the study observed that the number of body modifications increased with an increasing NfU in tattooed and pierced individuals. These findings demonstrated multifaceted interrelations between the NfU, its subcomponents, and the three kinds of body modifications investigated in the present study.
Topics: Adolescent; Adult; Aged; Body Piercing; Female; Humans; Individuality; Male; Middle Aged; Motivation; Self Concept; Social Perception; Tattooing; Young Adult
PubMed: 33657106
DOI: 10.1371/journal.pone.0245158 -
Revista Medica de Chile Oct 2006The presence of mutilations in the form of tattooing and body piercing is becoming increasingly common in adolescents, a practice that is not free of risk. Reported... (Review)
Review
The presence of mutilations in the form of tattooing and body piercing is becoming increasingly common in adolescents, a practice that is not free of risk. Reported complications include local infections, bleeding, tearing, hypersensitivity reactions, transfusion-transmitted diseases (hepatitis B virus, hepatitis C virus, HIV, syphilis), Chagas' disease and infective endocarditis. On the other hand, several studies have demonstrated an association between body modifications and high-risk behavior in adolescents, as alcohol or drug abuse, cigarette smoking, violence and schooling problems. There is also an association with depression, suicide, eating disorders and other psychophysiologic disorders. This is a review of body modifications in adolescents, emphasizing in the risks, complications and motivations of this practice.
Topics: Adolescent; Adolescent Behavior; Adult; Bacterial Infections; Body Piercing; Child; Dermatitis, Contact; Humans; Keloid; Papillomavirus Infections; Risk-Taking; Safety; Tattooing
PubMed: 17186106
DOI: 10.4067/s0034-98872006001000018 -
The Lancet. Infectious Diseases Nov 2022
Topics: Humans; Mpox (monkeypox); Tattooing; Spain; Body Piercing; Disease Outbreaks
PubMed: 36183706
DOI: 10.1016/S1473-3099(22)00652-1 -
Annali Di Igiene : Medicina Preventiva... 2022The body art (tattoos, body piercing and other aesthetic practices) is increasing at global level and involves different aspects of public health, from epidemiological...
BACKGROUND
The body art (tattoos, body piercing and other aesthetic practices) is increasing at global level and involves different aspects of public health, from epidemiological feature to cultural and psychosocial determinants and regulatory issues. The study is aimed at estimating the prevalence of tattooed and pierced in youth, focusing on emerging profiles.
STUDY DESIGN
A cross-sectional study has been conducted on 575 students at the first year of degree courses of an Italian University.
METHODS
Students were asked to fill an online questionnaire. Logistic regression models were evaluated in order to identify predictive factors and determinants of practice (tattoos, piercing, body art).
RESULTS
The 41.9% of participants underwent at least one body art intervention, with a higher prevalence in females. Multivariate logistic regression suggested an association of body art practice with type of school and university course, as well as lifestyle characteristics (smoking, alcohol abuse). In addition, the intention to undergo to body art intervention in the future appeared significantly higher in women and more frequent in apparently 'protected' categories such as medical students and non-problematic alcohol users.
CONCLUSIONS
The study confirmed the importance of the surveillance and social and behavioural research on body art practice and suggested different health promotion perspectives, such as early intervention towards adolescents and late intervention towards young adults belonging to lesser risky population groups.
Topics: Adolescent; Body Piercing; Cross-Sectional Studies; Female; Health Promotion; Humans; Risk Factors; Surveys and Questionnaires; Tattooing; Young Adult
PubMed: 35060994
DOI: 10.7416/ai.2021.2497 -
Risk Management and Healthcare Policy 2022Tattoos and piercings, which were once considered taboo, are now widespread like an epidemic, among people of all ages and gender. The rising demand for such body...
BACKGROUND
Tattoos and piercings, which were once considered taboo, are now widespread like an epidemic, among people of all ages and gender. The rising demand for such body alterations has given rise to a large number of infective complications. This study was, therefore, designed to assess the infection control knowledge, attitudes, and practices of body modification artists in Ethiopia, 2021.
METHODS
An anonymous observational cross-sectional study was conducted in Addis Ababa, Ethiopia, from May 25 to June 22, 2021. The data collection instrument was a structured questionnaire that covered the participants' socio-demographic characteristics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices related to infection control. On the whole, 172 tattoo and body piercing artists participated in the study. SPSS v.20 software was used for data entry and analysis. Pearson's correlation test, -test, Tukey's test, and multiple linear regression analysis were conducted during the data analysis.
RESULTS
Male participants constituted well over three-fourths (96.5%, n = 166) of the sample considered in the study. According to the result, the participants' knowledge of infection control received the lowest score (7.1 ± 1.22). Participants' scores of knowledge of infection control increased with an increase in their experience in the multiple linear regression. Experience and training time were also associated with knowledge. Infection control practice was positively associated with the respondents' attitudes. After controlling other variables, it was found that a one-unit increase in respondents' attitude scores increased their practice level by 86%.
CONCLUSION
This is the first study in Ethiopia to examine tattooists' and body piercers' infection control knowledge, attitude, and practice. Minimum standards for infection control in inking and piercing establishments are necessary. It is therefore important that local authorities and public health professionals work towards laying down the minimum code of practice for infection control in inking and piercing establishments.
PubMed: 35469179
DOI: 10.2147/RMHP.S361711